C++系统相关操作1 - 调用命令行并获取返回值

1. 关键词
2. sysutil.h
3. sysutil.cpp
- 3.1. system_util_unix.cpp
- 3.2. system_util_win.cpp
4. 测试代码
5. 运行结果
6. 源码地址

1. 关键词

关键词：

C++ 系统调用 system popen 跨平台

应用场景：

希望直接调用操作系统的某些命令，并获取命令的返回值。

2. sysutil.h

#pragma once

#include <cstdint>
#include <string>

namespace cutl
{
    /**
     * @brief Execute a system command.
     *
     * @param cmd the command to be executed.
     * @return true if the command is executed successfully, false otherwise.
     */
    bool system(const std::string &cmd);
    /**
     * @brief Execute a system command and get the output.
     *
     * @param cmd the command to be executed.
     * @param result the output of the command.
     * @return true if the command is executed successfully, false otherwise.
     */
    bool callcmd(const std::string &cmd, std::string &result);
} // namespace cutl

不需要返回值时，可以直接使用system，需要获取返回值时，可以调用callcmd。

3. sysutil.cpp


#include <map>
#include <iostream>
#include <strutil.h>
#include <cstdlib>
#include "sysutil.h"
#include "inner/logger.h"
#include "inner/system_util.h"
#include "inner/filesystem.h"

namespace cutl
{
    bool system(const std::string &cmd)
    {
        return call_system(cmd);
    }

    bool callcmd(const std::string &cmd, std::string &result)
    {
        // 读取命令执行结果的最大Buffer长度
        constexpr int MAX_CMD_BUF_LEN = 1024;
        FILE *fp = pipline_open(cmd);
        if (fp == NULL)
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("pipline_open error for cmd:" + cmd);
            return false;
        }

        // 　读取命令执行结果
        char buffer[MAX_CMD_BUF_LEN] = {0};
        char *res = fgets(buffer, sizeof(buffer), fp);
        if (res == NULL)
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("read result error for cmd:" + cmd);
            if (pipline_close(fp) != 0)
            {
                CUTL_ERROR("pipline_close error for cmd:" + cmd);
            }
            return false;
        }

        if (pipline_close(fp) != 0)
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("pipline_close error for cmd:" + cmd);
        }

        result = strip(std::string(buffer));

        return true;
    }
} // namespace cutl

3.1. system_util_unix.cpp

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)
// do nothing
#else

#include "system_util.h"
#include "inner/logger.h"

namespace cutl
{

    bool call_system(const std::string &cmd)
    {
        if (cmd.empty())
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("cmd is empty!");
            return false;
        }

        pid_t status;
        status = std::system(cmd.c_str());

        if (-1 == status)
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("system error!");
            return false;
        }

        if (!WIFEXITED(status))
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("exit status:" + std::to_string(WEXITSTATUS(status)));
            return false;
        }

        if (0 != WEXITSTATUS(status))
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("run shell script fail, script exit code:" + std::to_string(WEXITSTATUS(status)));
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    FILE *pipline_open(const std::string &cmd)
    {
        return popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");
    }

    int pipline_close(FILE *stream)
    {
        return pclose(stream);
    }

} // namespace cutl

#endif // defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)

3.2. system_util_win.cpp

#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)

#include <cstdlib>
#include "system_util.h"
#include "inner/logger.h"

namespace cutl
{

    // https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/system-wsystem?view=msvc-170
    bool call_system(const std::string &cmd)
    {
        if (cmd.empty())
        {
            CUTL_ERROR("cmd is empty!");
            return false;
        }

        int ret = system(cmd.c_str());
        if (ret != 0)
        {
            CUTL_ERROR(std::string("system failure, error") + strerror(errno));
            return false;
        }

        return true;
    }

    // https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/popen-wpopen?view=msvc-170
    FILE *pipline_open(const std::string &cmd)
    {
        return _popen(cmd.c_str(), "r");
    }

    // https://learn.microsoft.com/zh-cn/cpp/c-runtime-library/reference/pclose?view=msvc-170
    int pipline_close(FILE *stream)
    {
        return _pclose(stream);
    }

} // namespace cutl

#endif // defined(_WIN32) || defined(__WIN32__)

4. 测试代码

#include "common.hpp"
#include "sysutil.h"

void TestSystemCall()
{
    PrintSubTitle("TestSystemCall");

    bool ret = cutl::system("echo hello");
    std::cout << "system call 'echo hello', return: " << ret << std::endl;

    auto cmd = "cmake --version";
    std::string result_text;
    ret = cutl::callcmd(cmd, result_text);
    std::cout << "callcmd " << cmd << ", return: " << ret << std::endl;
    std::cout << "callcmd " << cmd << ", result text: " << result_text << std::endl;
}

5. 运行结果

-------------------------------------------TestSystemCall-------------------------------------------
hello
system call 'echo hello', return: 1
callcmd cmake --version, return: 1
callcmd cmake --version, result text: cmake version 3.28.3

6. 源码地址

更多详细代码，请查看本人写的C++ 通用工具库: common_util, 本项目已开源，代码简洁，且有详细的文档和Demo。